The Importance of Water and Hydration for Dogs

Water is the most essential nutrient for any living creature, yet it's often overlooked when we think about our dogs' nutritional needs. Making up approximately 60-70% of an adult dog's body weight, water is involved in virtually every biological process, from digestion and circulation to temperature regulation and waste elimination.

This guide explores why hydration is so critical for dogs, how to ensure your pet is getting enough water, and what to do if you suspect dehydration – particularly important in Australia's often harsh climate.

Why Water Is Essential for Dogs

Water performs numerous vital functions in your dog's body:

• Temperature regulation: Dogs primarily cool themselves through panting, which evaporates water. Without adequate hydration, they can't regulate body temperature effectively.
• Digestion: Water helps break down food and transport nutrients throughout the body.
• Joint lubrication: Synovial fluid, which cushions joints, is largely composed of water.
• Organ function: Every organ, including the brain, heart, kidneys, and liver, requires water to function properly.
• Waste elimination: Water helps flush toxins and waste products through the kidneys.
• Cellular function: All chemical reactions in cells require water as a medium.

How Much Water Does Your Dog Need?

The general guideline is that dogs need approximately 50-60ml of water per kilogram of body weight per day. For a 20kg dog, that's about 1-1.2 litres daily. However, many factors affect individual requirements:

Factors That Increase Water Needs

• Hot weather: Dogs drink significantly more in Australian summers
• Exercise: Active dogs need more water to replace what they lose through panting
• Dry food diet: Kibble contains only about 10% moisture, while wet food is 70-80% water
• Nursing mothers: Producing milk dramatically increases water requirements
• Illness: Fever, vomiting, and diarrhoea all increase fluid needs
• Certain medications: Some medications increase thirst

Factors That Decrease Water Needs

• Wet food diet: Dogs eating primarily canned food may drink less because they get moisture from food
• Low activity levels: Sedentary dogs need less water
• Cool weather: Water requirements decrease in winter

Recognising Dehydration

Dehydration occurs when a dog loses more fluid than they take in. It can range from mild to life-threatening and requires prompt attention. Learn to recognise these signs:

Early Signs of Dehydration

• Increased thirst and water-seeking behaviour
• Slightly dry gums and nose
• Mild lethargy
• Decreased appetite

Moderate to Severe Dehydration

• Very dry, sticky, or tacky gums
• Loss of skin elasticity (the skin test – see below)
• Sunken eyes
• Extreme lethargy or weakness
• Rapid heart rate
• Panting even at rest
• Dark, concentrated urine or reduced urination

Encouraging Proper Water Intake

Some dogs are enthusiastic drinkers while others need encouragement. Here are strategies to ensure adequate hydration:

Make Water Accessible and Appealing

• Multiple water stations: Place bowls in several locations around your home
• Fresh water daily: Replace water at least once or twice daily – dogs prefer fresh water
• Clean bowls: Wash water bowls daily to prevent bacterial growth and film
• Right bowl material: Some dogs prefer stainless steel or ceramic over plastic
• Appropriate size: Larger bowls are easier for bigger dogs and hold more water

Try Different Water Sources

• Pet water fountains: The running water attracts many dogs and keeps water fresh and oxygenated
• Filtered water: Some dogs prefer filtered water, especially if tap water has a strong chlorine taste
• Ice cubes: Many dogs enjoy ice cubes as treats, especially in hot weather
• Water additives: Pet-safe flavourings can make water more appealing to reluctant drinkers

Add Moisture to Food

• Add warm water to dry kibble
• Mix in low-sodium broth (ensure it contains no onion or garlic)
• Feed wet food or use it as a topper
• Offer water-rich treats like watermelon (seedless) or cucumber

Hydration in Australian Conditions

Australia's climate presents particular hydration challenges. Hot summers, low humidity in many regions, and high UV exposure all increase your dog's water needs.

Summer Strategies

• Always carry water on walks – even short ones
• Offer water before, during, and after exercise
• Exercise during cooler parts of the day (early morning or evening)
• Provide shade and cool resting areas
• Consider a paddling pool for dogs who enjoy water
• Never leave dogs in cars, even with windows cracked
• Watch for signs of heat stress, which can develop rapidly

Changes in Drinking Habits

Pay attention to your dog's normal drinking patterns. Sudden changes can indicate health issues:

Increased Thirst (Polydipsia)

If your dog is suddenly drinking much more than usual (and it's not explained by weather or exercise), consult your vet. Excessive thirst can indicate:

• Diabetes
• Kidney disease
• Cushing's disease
• Liver disease
• Urinary tract infection
• Certain medications

Decreased Thirst

A dog drinking less than usual might be experiencing:

• Nausea or stomach upset
• Oral pain or dental problems
• Stress or environmental changes
• General illness

Water Quality Matters

Not all water is equal. Consider these water quality factors:

• Tap water: Generally safe in Australia, though some dogs dislike the chlorine taste
• Filtered water: Removes chlorine and potential contaminants
• Stagnant water outdoors: Puddles, ponds, and standing water can contain bacteria, algae, and parasites – discourage drinking from these sources
• Ocean water: The salt content is dangerous – bring fresh water to the beach
• Pool water: Chlorinated pool water can cause stomach upset if consumed in large amounts

Proper hydration is one of the simplest yet most important aspects of caring for your dog. By ensuring constant access to fresh, clean water and monitoring your dog's drinking habits, you're supporting every system in their body and contributing to their long-term health and wellbeing.